The Life Of Lise Meitner - 2241 Words

The Life of Lise Meitner In the beginning of the life of one of the most significant female scientist to date, there was obscurity. Born in Vienna, Austria on November 7th of 1878 during turmoil of war and persecution that would seem to not cease throughout her life, she was bound to surpass her limitations as a necessity to prosper the scientific status. Born the third child out of eight in a Jewish family, she still was not one to go unnoticed or to be persuaded, as a strong minded individual tends to be. At the time of her birth, her family was fairly wealthy, and though of Jewish background, did not practice the religious beliefs of the Jewish heritage. This meant that although she was Austrian in nationality, her ancestors practiced the Jewish way of life, yet it was not as discernable in Meitner or her direct family. Her mother Hedwig Skovran, a musician, was not well known but of enough skill to continue the occupation, while her father, Philipp Meitner, was a lawyer and a master of chess. Her sibling s, much like her parents, grew up to be detached from the Jewish culture, which would lead them towards Christianity during a time of maltreatment of those of Jewish features or religion. This change of religious beliefs would be reflected in Meitner as well in 1908 at the age of thirty as she converted to the Lutheran church. This change of religious practice would not make a difference after the rise of Hitler, which catalyzed the already present disfavor towards theShow MoreRelatedThe Nuclear Of Uranium And The Atomic Bomb1215 Words   |  5 PagesHahn and German chemist, Fritz Strassmann, began conducting experiments on uranium when, in 1938, the two were completely bewildered by the results of their experiment and sent the outcome to physicist Lise Meitner who was astounded by the results as well. Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann, and Lise Meitner had become the first to recognize that uranium could split and release energy. (Harnessing of Nuclear Fission.) Soon after though, the w ar started. World War 2 was started September 1, 1939 by AdolfRead MoreAtomic Structures And The Atomic Structure Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesradioactivity. She and her husband Pierre also discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium. 1900 Soddy Observed spontaneous disintegration of radioactive elements into variants he called isotopes or totally new elements, discovered half-life, made initial calculations on energy released during decay. 1900 Max Planck used the idea of quanta (discrete units of energy) to explain hot glowing matter. 1903 Nagaoka Postulated a Saturnian model of the atom with flat rings of electrons revolvingRead MoreCh 1 Each different scientist made an impact in some way to the origins of an atom. Lucretius’s1700 Words   |  7 Pageshelped him explain why certain chemicals reacted a way and he eventually founded the modern atomic theory. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac predicted that when gases enter into a chemical reaction they separate into ratios. Gay-Lussac had many successes in his life, starting from a professor of physics to becoming the superintendent of the government gunpowder company. He eventually died at the age of 71. Amedeo Avogadro’s principle was never accepted during his time. It stated that equal number of volume gases=Read MoreAtomic Theory - Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesa field around the atom where we can predict the path of electrons and how they can interact with other atoms to form certain bonds; bonds such as ionic bonds and covalent bonds which create most of the compounds that we interact with in our daily life. TimeLine: Year Scientist(s) Discovery Greek era Democritus by convention bitter, by convention sweet, but in reality atoms and void 1704 Isaac Newton Proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motionRead MoreGender Inequality And The Science Of A Science Based Career As A Woman1715 Words   |  7 Pagesgender gap of women and men in the workforce. This issue in the 1940s is still a root factor in the storage of women in science-based careers. As explained in an earlier paragraph, the are many impressive women of science who are rarely recognized. Lise Meitner discovered that uranium atoms were split when bombarded with neutrons, she calculated the energy released in the reaction and named the phenomenon â€Å"nuclear fission.† This discovery eventually led to the atomic bomb. Irà ¨ne Curie-Joliot, daughterRead MoreResearch On Nuclear Power And Ethics1592 Words   |  7 Pagesquest for nuclear power began not long after the discovery of the radioactive elements, such as radium. The energy released by these radioactive elements is tremendous but the means to harness this energy were unfeasible because of the element’s short life. Then in late 1930’s the discovery of nuclear fission changed everything. In 1932, the discovery of neutron by James Chadwick was immediately recognized as a potential tool for nuclear experimentation due to the absence of an electric charge in itRead MoreHiroshim The World Bomb1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe bomb, one that is fundamentally needed in the creation in its creation, was not done by an American, but rather someone from New Zealand. Other major influences in the development include Enrico Fermi, an Italian who fist split uranium, and Lise Meitner, the one that figured out that it was called nuclear fission was and she was also an Austrian exile working in Sweden. However, the discovery that there could be a nuclear chain reaction was solved by two Germans who had escaped to Britain. AllRead MoreEssay on Power of Nuclear Energy2589 Words   |  11 Pagesa little less than uranium; whereas, this time the elements were around half as light. They shared their information with Lise Meitner who studied the out come with Neils Bohr and her nephew Ott o R. Frisch. The three of them concluded that the light weighted elements were the results of The Power of Nuclear Energy 3 the uranium splitting also known as fission. Lise Meitner proved this theory using Einstein’s theory. Bohr went to America and brought this information along with him. There he joinedRead MoreNuclear Power Is A Rare Form Of Energy1917 Words   |  8 Pagespanels then most solar panels have a 40% efficiency rate which means 60% of the sunlight gets wasted and is not harnessed. â€Å"Nuclear energy, used in weapons as well as for electricity generation, has the potential to destroy life on Earth. But it also has the potential to save life as we know it†(John L. Remo)†. Solar panels only produce energy when the sun is out. When the sun goes down the solar panels no longer produce energy unless someone buy Solar batteries to store power. Nuclear Power has someRead MoreNuclear Power Is The Best Efficient Power Production Method2264 Words   |  10 PagesIodine-131 has the shortest half-life of eights years, meaning that it takes eight years for the radioactive material to decay by half, and was mostly transferred through milk, vegetables and air and was more commonly found in children. When atoms ionize in a human cell after inhalation due to radiation, it affects the ability of the cell to carry out its normal function or even cause rupturing of the cell. Unfortunately, the isotopes of Caesium have a longer half-life ranging from about two years to

The South China Sea Essay - 1889 Words

As of today, China has expanded and built over seven artificial islands in the South China Sea since 2014. The South China Sea has recently come to be a major problem in Asia as issues have risen over who has rights of passage and claims in this area. The Chinese of recent have been making territorial claims in the South China Sea that are in areas of free passage for many other Asian countries and the United States. In October 2015, a U.S. guided missile destroyer encountered one of the artificial islands and China’s response was that it would â€Å"take any measure† to maintain its security in â€Å"their territory†. The Chinese have been questioned in the Permanent Court of Arbitration by the Philippines after claiming rights to historical locations in the South China Sea, which violates sovereign rights of the Philippines, yet China responded to this outcome with refusal and has continued to advance itself in the territory causing huge disputes with its neigh boring countries as freedom of navigation has been compromised through China’s actions.. In order to guarantee resolution and maintain the freedom of navigation aspect of international law there needs to be a foreign policy put in place that puts more United States military in the South China Sea with support from disputing countries like Japan and the Philippines as a way to make the issue multilateral and law abiding. In 1974 and 1988, China and Vietnam again fought over the Paracels, the Chinese ultimately coming outShow MoreRelatedThe South China Sea1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Environment The South China Sea, a body of water located in the western Pacific Ocean, borders many nations within East and Southeast Asia such as China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia. The topography of the region varies widely. One of the major defining features of the South China Sea is its deep sea basin located in the east which includes reef-filled shoals and sandbanks. These shoals also span the south and northwest regions. While the continental shelf drops sharply towardsRead MoreThe South China Sea Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesSince the 3rd Century AD, the South China Sea has been home to countless territorial disputes between China, the Philippines, Vietnam, and other East Asian Nations. This region is so contentious because it is one of the busiest trade routes, and is home to vast natural resources. Because of the long and dense history of them, these disputes are some of the most difficult events to understand and interpret in international relations. Because the disputes deal with relative power, and the securityRead MoreChina Missile Of The South China Sea937 Words   |  4 PagesChina deploying missiles in the South China Sea Since September 2015, China has begun to increase the arming of the islands in the South China Sea on the islands that China claims belongs to them. The claiming of the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands by China are creating panic for its neighbors, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Because, China is ignoring the claims the nations have on the Islands in the South China Sea. Most recently, China has made a political decision toRead MoreThe Issue Of The South China Sea1852 Words   |  8 PagesMany Asian countries are flourishing, and the South China Sea has some of the busiest shipping routes crossing it, carrying many exports to and from countries. Recently, the sea has heated arguments dealing with sovereign rights. It formed the focus of territorial ownership debates and some countries’ rights, primary with China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam (Bale). This conflict could cause a much bigger regional conflagration. The countries that are involved struggle to surmountRead MoreSouth China Sea Dispute10771 Words   |  44 Pagescountries, as well as tensions in foreign policies. One of these conflicts is the dispute in South China Sea between China and six neighbor ASEAN countries. With the intervention of the United States, the issue turns to be more serious as it attracts a lot of concerns from international community. This research tries to find a clear way of understanding the South China Sea conflict, specifically about the effort of China and Vietnam to gain the control over the two groups of islands: Paracel and Spratly.Read MoreThe South China Sea Dispute Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper is aimed at analyzing the current South China Sea dispute with a focus on the claims to the Paracel and Spratly Islands. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, the South China Sea is an area of about three and a half million square kilometers of water and encompasses the area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan. The sea is semi-enclosed by Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Phillipines and Vietnam. The area receives 1/3rd of the world’sRead MoreBriefing Paper - South China Sea1917 Words   |  8 PagesBriefing Paper – South China Sea Policy Analysis: Topic: The South China Sea has become a significant source of tension in the Indo-Pacific region mostly regarding competing legal claims of territorial sovereignty . China is at the forefront of this dispute and bases their claim on the ‘nine-dash line’ map. In May 2014, tensions dramatically increased when China began drilling for oil near the Paracel Islands located 120 nautical miles away from the Vietnamese coast. Additionally, sovereignty claimsRead MoreThe Potential Hazards Of The South China Sea1629 Words   |  7 Pagestension and activities of competing countries increase in the South China Sea this in turn has increased potential implications for its environment. One major implication is the potential hazards that are threatening coral reefs and other components of the local marine ecology within that region. The once untouched ecosystem is at danger because of aggressive engagements of ocean floors in search of natural resources. Since 2013, China has orchestrated r eclamation constructions on reefs in the disputedRead MoreEconomic And Political Tensions Of The South China Sea1472 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic and political tensions are rising in the South China Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean stretching from Singapore to the Philippines to South East Asia. Recently, countries including the various Southeast Asian countries as well as China claimed territory in the South China Sea. As countries become increasingly intimidated by these new claims, the United States is stepping in, which only causes tensions to increase. Now the South China Sea is a battleground for the resources it holds, and oneRead MoreTerritorial Disputes Within The South China Sea1404 Words   |  6 Pagesin the South China Sea Background Following the cessation of the Cold War, a massive territorial dispute erupted over two island chains in the South China Sea (SCS), the Paracels and the Spratleys. Those nations disputing their rightful ownership include China, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Taiwan. The source of the conflict in this area stems from the geographical location and the natural resources to be gained through their ownership. According to the World Bank, the sea contains

Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriag Essay Example For Students

Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriag Essay e: Stories In Wild Swans a girl on a train, fondled by a minister, feels disgusted but also hugely curious. Munro describes as Ive never seen anyone else do how people put erotic memories, not always pleasant ones, to use over and over in their lives. 1. This paper reports that Rose is sitting on a train ride during which a self-described minister gropes her throughout the ride. She cannot take a stand against him, because she knows that the abuse is hidden and that her outcry will be deafened by an indifferent society. Most living writers are not, most of the time, reading one anothers work. They are reconsidering the classics. They are consuming cookbooks, comics, self-help manuals, mysteries, pornography, Martha Stewart (a variety of pornography for women). They are skimming biographies, dabbling in dictionaries. Writers are watching The Sopranos or learning, late in life, to play tennis. They are obsessing about their love affairs, their disappointing careers, their children. Every once in a while, though, a rumor burns through the tentative, decentralized community of American writers that a certain book must be owned. Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage, a new collection by Alice Munro, her tenth, has already incited writers to call one another on the telephone, to send e-mail exhortations, and in the extreme (writers are not profligate) to pay retail for more than one copy in order to give the book away. Every artist, brilliant, pretty good, or aspiring, has the same wish to make something beautiful and lasting and the concomitant capacity for awe in the presence of the serene achievement (as Conrad called Henry Jamess New York Editions). The highest compliment a critic can pay a short-story writer is to say that he or she is our Chekhov. More than one writer has made that claim for Alice Munro. Her genius, like Chekhovs, is quiet and particularly hard to describe, because it has the simplicity of the best naturalism, in that it seems not translated from life but, rather, like life itself. In analyzing another Russian writers transparent straightforwardness, James Wood described the critics frustration: Why are his characters so real? Because they are so individual. Why does his world feel so true? Because it is so real. And so on. It may be instructive, in trying to account for Munros disproportionate power, to consider Lady With Lapdog, arguably Chekhovs most famous and beloved story. Even after dozens of readings (in several translations) I still find it exceedingly difficult to pinpoint how the story works as deeply as it does. One might seize on the regular use of incongruities: the cynical philanderers thoughts of a young womans slender neck and beautiful eyes, followed by his impression that she is pathetic; the rou cutting a watermelon and eating it silently for a half hour while the woman sobs, thinking herself fallen after their first tryst; the open ending. Chekhov properly placed all statements about beauty, eternity, and falling in love right next to comic, breezy, urbane sentences, lending the impression that this young married woman and her older Muscovite lover, although particular to us, are not out of the human ordinary. Yet I could think of hal f a dozen stories to which one could fairly ascribe these same techniques of juxtaposition and tonal incongruity but which nonetheless lack this storys power. Likewise, I could strain to name a few writers who possess an immense lyric gift, in whose work a poets compression punctuates a novelists love of leisured complication, of time; yet their stories register altogether differently from Munros. Ann Close, Munros American editor since The Beggar Maid (1978), has described the experience of going back to a place in a story where she remembered a particular passage and finding that it had never been there. More than with other writers, Close said, with Alice, theres a huge amount between the lines. At the heart of all great naturalism is mystery, an emotional sum greater than its technical parts. I am not a sophisticated chronicler of literary reputation. I dont really know how famous Munro is. And perhaps with our particular favorites there is a tendency to downplay their popularit y. No one likes to think his or her taste is common. More than one high school girl has been dismayed to learn that the one boy she personally, idiosyncratically found cute is a general heartthrob. In the early eighties I asked friends who were traveling north of the border to find me anything they could by Alice Munro, and my copies of her first three books are Canadian paperbacks. In 1986, when The Progress of Love was published, she read to a full house in a large NYU auditorium (New Yorkers are prescient, and by then shed been publishing stories in their namesake magazine for almost ten years). I have a sense that whatever Munros reputation is (and it is lofty among writers, of that I am sure), it is not yet exactly what it should be. And the ways in which it is not quite what it should be are somehow murky and would seem to have little to do with literature. Lorrie Moore hinted at this recently in The Paris Review: I dont believe any serious reader would call her provincial, Mo ore said, but I also dont think it is often emphasized how she is the opposite. I can think of no better illustration of the universality of Alice Munros work than the memory of reading it in my twenties. I lived in a fifteenth-floor apartment in New York City, worked as an editor at The Paris Review, took the crosstown bus dressed in the city uniform of black stockings, skirts, and pumps bought on sale. My love affairs tended to be of the wistful variety from afar if not altogether imaginary. Yet I read Alice Munros stories of adulterous wives, and country girls gutting turkeys, with the page-turning avidity of someone discovering her own true future. The managing editor, Jeanne McCulloch, did the same. We read them deeply personally, to learn how to live. Without really garnering the permission of our boss, George Plimpton, we planned to interview Munro for The Paris Review. We hoped by this to achieve for her a kind of canonization. No writer in his right mind would have wanted c anonization to depend on us. Though we read the stories over and over, we were also terribly busy, figuring out not only the craft of writing rejection letters but also the tricks of making a living in New York City. We met Alice Munro and her editor at the Chelsea brownstone of her agent, Virginia Barber, where the three women seemed occupied and prosperous, in the middle of life. They talked about shopping with the exhilaration of serious women who dont often shop. We started the interview, and in the fashion typical of The Paris Review (often edited by would-be writers in their twenties), it languished for seven years. Making a case for Alice Munro in 2001 is not what making a case for Herman Melville would have been in the 1880s, or for Henry James at the time of the New York Editions, early in the 1900s. Since The Beggar Maid most reviews have been stellar; Munro has received all the major Canadian literary prizes and our National Book Critics Circle Award. (As a Canadian, she is not eligible for our National Book Award or Pulitzer Prize; Her last five books have not been short-listed for the Booker Prize, because the Booker no longer considers short-story collections.) So splitting hairs about precisely to which tier of the pantheon she belongs can feel a bit like carping that Proust, Joyce, and Kafka never won the Nobel Prize. But when educated general readers talk about the great living fiction writers, Munro isnt consistently mentioned with Saul Bellow, Toni Morrison, Philip Roth, and John Updike. Three reasons come to mind. First, Munro writes about the lives of girls and women, to quote the title of her one novel, their conflicts, comedy, milestones, irony, and domestic detail, vacuuming and all. We are still, despite thirty years of feminism, a culture that considers the word domestic when applied to fiction to mean tamer and even less. Munros reach has become vast in recent collections, but her stories about the western expansion, about North Amer ican history, and even about murder are centered on a credible female character. Second, she, like the great majority of writers, has claimed a specific fictional geography, and hers-midwestern rural Canada does not have any particular edge or sexiness. Third, she writes short stories. The roughly contemporary writers most akin to her in sensibility, the late Illinoisan William Maxwell and the Irish William Trevor (both writers of exquisite short stories and also novels), share her relative obscurity. They, like Grace Paley, Isaac Babel, and Marilynne Robinson, are sometimes said to be writers writers, meaning that most people havent ever heard of them. Munros first three books, Dance of the Happy Shades (1968), Lives of Girls and Women (1971), and Something Ive Been Meaning to Tell You (1974), introduced her great themes shame and its connection to poverty, how class monkeys with sexual desire, the problems of a female artist in functioning satisfactorily as an artist or a female a nd also some of her leitmotifs: the glamour of airplanes, the changes in domestic life brought about by electrification and indoor plumbing, the recurring figure of a half-decrepit grandmother who is still an actor, however minor, in the household drama. An archetypal family emerges. The mother, refined and particular, strives for elegance even as her health is declining. She has a wealth of aunts and perhaps considers herself a little above her husbands family. The father remains upright and honorable, with necessary privacies; he is often a trapper of sorts (fox, mink, muskrat, marten), comfortable with a rougher male world outside, in possession of raucous relatives and perhaps a randy past. The fathers family is apt to play practical jokes, put uncooked beans in the soup, and throw forks and dishrags at one another. (A bad thing in that family was to have them say you were sensitive, as they did of my mother.) In Walker Brothers Cowboy, the first story in Munros first collection , the mother takes the Depression personally. Though casual readers may derive a sense that Munros characters come from the wrong side of the tracks, it seems to me that she writes about the construction of class not only in broad, upstairs-downstairs extremes (the husband rich, the wife a scholarship student) but also within families and communities whose differences appear invisible from the outside. She chronicles the nuances, snubs, and unsent invitations on which we build class and maintain it. Im not sure whether country girls still sleep with rich boys who come to the Canadian lakes for the summer, as they do in Thanks for the Ride. But what lingers, memorably, is the conundrum of why they ever did. It wasnt for money, or the hope of marriage. The old grandma, hovering in the living room, knows better than that. It seems to have been its own rough convention, the trophy of a certain glamour the glamour of just that night. Munro also returns again and again to the Jamesian sub ject of the artist. In her work, though, the artist is a woman in a small town, without the complications of recognition. There is a poetess in the wilds of nineteenth-century frontier Canada (Meneseteung), a violinist in the 1940s who dreams of leaving her baby outside to die (My Mothers Dream), and an aging piano teacher, Miss Marsalles, whose popularity is waning (Dance of the Happy Shades): Mary Lamberts girl no longer takes; neither does Joan CrimblesPiano lessons are not so important now as they once were; everybody knows that. Dancing is believed to be more favourable to the development of the whole child. HELPING THE HOMELESS EssayThe husband and wife here stay within their mythic traditional parade, but Munro gives them the dignity of the processions end while also including two counterpoints to the march: one of frivolity, in the wifes youthful glamour, her linen dress and white gloves, her knowledge of fashion trivia (Balmains exhortation to wear white gloves); the other the fugitive melody of an erotic betrayal, wound deeply and perhaps productively into this marriage. There is something I always hope for in fiction that has no literary term. Its best explained by analogy. In a certain painting by Degas a woman dries herself after a bath, one foot up on the rim of the tub, her whole body leaning over. Seeing that image, one might recognize a human position common in life but never before seen through the bending lens of representation. The same thing could be said for a shade of red in Mondrian. Munro gives us such recognitions. Her emotional palette is vast. Here is a portrait of a young woman, from Family Furnishings: After a lunch with the aunt she once idolized, full of country food, full also of emotion, from secrets revealed with their attendant burdens of guilt and sorrow, the young woman walks alone through the city. Her friends are away. Her fianc (who admired Hamlet but had no time for tragedy for the squalor of tragedy in ordinary life) is visiting his good-looking parents. She walks and walks, and then slips into a drugstore coffee shop, where the bitter black coffee tastes medicinal. She feels full not only of food but of people, of life. What soothes her as much as the coffee is the solitude, the urban anonymity: such happiness, to be alone. Ive never before seen the artists need for solitude as alleviation of fullness, an overload of life. There is a long line of idolized women in Munros stories, usually independent and childless, living emotionally extravagant, artistic lives, admired by shyer, more cautious, and often younger women. The ve ry real suffering and squalor endured by these idols is sometimes glimpsed in flashes, with the troubling suggestion that their more colorful ways may not all have been a matter of choice. But usually the younger woman is too much in the thick of her own life to pause long to consider the implications of these hardships for herself or her future. In real life, when Jeanne and I met her in Canada, Alice Munro lived in the two-story wooden house in which her second husband was born. She told us (a cautionary tale) that shed never had a house she really loved. She worked in the dining room, at a small table that held a manual typewriter. She said she often stood up before her dictionary, and spent hours there daydreamily composing. There were moments when we felt our generational difference: her two years at university were the only time in her life when she didnt have to do housework (we hoped there wasnt too too much housework looming in our futures). When her daughters were very sma ll, she worked during their naps. (This particularly consoled me. I intended to put down my future son for three or four naps daily.) There were silent spots in the interview, points too private and difficult to pursue, which seemed to have to do with prices paid for needing work while having children. We shook our heads; somehow it would be different for us. At moments even Munros casual conversation had the cadences of poetry, as in her description of a suburb in western Canada where she once lived: I was with the wives of the climbing men. But iambic or not, the suburbs, with their wives, were not where we hoped to live. She made it all seem not easy but possible. Later we sensed a vast gulf between the woman telling us how she made the thing and the thing itself, a gulf still containing the enormous my